Make small changes that incrementally make a big difference, Bock says. However, when you do institute a 100 percent differential, be sure you can explain it, Bock says. Bill Gates is reputed to have said that a great software engineer is worth 10,000 times more than an average one. Yes, he makes a lot of money, but it’s obvious he’s worth more than the average player. In most systems, top performers are soon redlined and their raises are curtailed or eliminated. Minimum 50 percent compensation spread between average and top performers.The college sophomores were able to reach conclusions essentially similar to those of the psychologists in about 2 seconds. Then tapes of the sessions were shown to college sophomores. In a research project, two trained PhD psychologists interviewed candidates for 30 minutes and wrote evaluations. That often means avoiding “conformational bias,” Bock says. “Better in some meaningful way,” Bock says. “Give a little more freedom than you are comfortable with,” Bock, advises. And, the workers made more because they were paid on piecework. The price to the manufacturer dropped from 18 cents per shirt to 11 cents per shirt. As an experiment, the workers were given freedom to arrange production as they liked-trusted to “do it however you want.” Production went up to 150 shirts per day. The process was highly defined and controlled. Bock told the story of a tee shirt manufacturing center. Funds raised went up 400 percent! The people found meaning in their otherwise routine work, Bock says. In an effort to raise productivity, scholarship recipients visited once a month and told their stories to the fundraisers. Bock told of research at Yale involving telephone workers who raised funds for college scholarships.

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